简介

区块是区块链的基本组成机构，也是交易信息的载体，矿工通过挖矿的形式来产生新的区块并获得奖励，新块产生的过程也是一个交易打包的过程，只有加入到区块中的交易才会被系统所有其他节点所认可，才是有效的。

文件名 //block.h

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class CBlockHeader

01 class CBlockHeader

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/** Nodes collect new transactions into a block, hash them into a hash tree,
 * and scan through nonce values to make the block's hash satisfy proof-of-work
 * requirements.  When they solve the proof-of-work, they broadcast the block
 * to everyone and the block is added to the block chain.  The first transaction
 * in the block is a special one that creates a new coin owned by the creator
 * of the block.
 * -------------
 * 网络中的节点不断收集新的交易，然后以一个Merkle树的形式打包进区块block中，
 * 打包的过程就是要完成工作量证明的要求，当节点解出了当前的随机数时，
 * 网络就把当前的区块广播到其他所有节点，并且加到区块链上。
 * 区块中的第一笔交易称之为CoinBase交易，是产生的新币，发送给区块的产生者
 */
class CBlockHeader //区块头 类
{
public:
    // header
    int32_t nVersion;       //版本号
    uint256 hashPrevBlock;  //前一个区块的哈希
    uint256 hashMerkleRoot; //Merkle 树根
    uint32_t nTime;         //时间戳
    uint32_t nBits;         //POW难度
    uint32_t nNonce;        //要找的随机数

    CBlockHeader()
    {
        SetNull();
    }

    ADD_SERIALIZE_METHODS;

    template <typename Stream, typename Operation>
    inline void SerializationOp(Stream& s, Operation ser_action) {
        READWRITE(this->nVersion);
        READWRITE(hashPrevBlock);
        READWRITE(hashMerkleRoot);
        READWRITE(nTime);
        READWRITE(nBits);
        READWRITE(nNonce);
    }

    void SetNull()
    {
        nVersion = 0;
        hashPrevBlock.SetNull();
        hashMerkleRoot.SetNull();
        nTime = 0;
        nBits = 0;
        nNonce = 0;
    }

    bool IsNull() const
    {
        return (nBits == 0);
    }

    uint256 GetHash() const;

    int64_t GetBlockTime() const
    {
        return (int64_t)nTime;
    }
};

01 class CBlock

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// 区块类
class CBlock : public CBlockHeader
{
public:
    // network and disk
    std::vector<CTransactionRef> vtx;   //所有的交易集合

    // memory only
    mutable bool fChecked;              //交易是否验证过并构成Merkle树

    CBlock()
    {
        SetNull();
    }

    CBlock(const CBlockHeader &header)
    {
        SetNull();
        *(static_cast<CBlockHeader*>(this)) = header;
    }

    ADD_SERIALIZE_METHODS;

    template <typename Stream, typename Operation>
    inline void SerializationOp(Stream& s, Operation ser_action) {
        READWRITE(*static_cast<CBlockHeader*>(this));
        READWRITE(vtx);
    }

    void SetNull()
    {
        CBlockHeader::SetNull();
        vtx.clear();
        fChecked = false;
    }

    //获得区块头信息
    CBlockHeader GetBlockHeader() const
    {
        CBlockHeader block;
        block.nVersion       = nVersion;
        block.hashPrevBlock  = hashPrevBlock;
        block.hashMerkleRoot = hashMerkleRoot;
        block.nTime          = nTime;
        block.nBits          = nBits;
        block.nNonce         = nNonce;
        return block;
    }

    std::string ToString() const;
};